Step 4: Find Valence Electrons. The total number of electrons present in the valence shell of an atom are called valence electrons, and there are a total of four electrons present in the valence shell of carbon (2s 2 2p 2). Thus, carbon has four valence electrons. Valency of Carbon (C). The valence electrons are the outermost electrons, the ones in the shell of largest energy level. Orbitals hold 2 electrons each. There is an s orbital in every level n≥1. The number that will give you an idea on the number of valence electrons is the Group number or the Family number. Let's say for example Group 1A, has 1 valence electron corresponding to the number of the group, Group 7A has 7 valence electron, Group 3B had 3 valence electron and so forth. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. Electron configuration of Silicon is Ne 3s2 3p2.
- Number Of Valence Electrons In Silicon Atom
- Number Of Valence Electrons In A Silicon Atom
- Number Of Valence Electrons In Silicon Or Germanium Is
Element Silicon - Si
Comprehensive data on the chemical element Silicon is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Silicon. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.
Silicon Menu
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Overview of Silicon
- Atomic Number: 14
- Group: 14
- Period: 3
- Series: Metalloids (Nonmetal)
Silicon's Name in Other Languages
- Latin: Silicium
- Czech: Křemík
- Croatian: Silicij
- French: Silicium
- German: Silizium - r
- Italian: Silicio
- Norwegian: Silisium
- Portuguese: Silício
- Russian: Кремний
- Spanish: Silicio
- Swedish: Kisel
Atomic Structure of Silicon
- Atomic Radius: 1.46Å
- Atomic Volume: 12.1cm3/mol
- Covalent Radius: 1.11Å
- Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) σa/barns: 0.171
- Crystal Structure: Cubic face centered
- Electron Configuration:
- 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p2
- Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,4
- Shell Model
- Shell Model
- Ionic Radius: 0.4Å
- Filling Orbital: 3p2
- Number of Electrons (with no charge): 14
- Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 14
- Number of Protons: 14
- Oxidation States: 4
- Valence Electrons: 3s2p2
- Electron Dot Model
- Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Silicon
- Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.26197g/amp-hr
- Electron Work Function: 4.52eV
- Electronegativity: 1.9 (Pauling); 1.74 (Allrod Rochow)
- Heat of Fusion: 50.55kJ/mol
- Incompatibilities:
- Chlorine, fluorine, oxidizers, calcium, cesium carbide, alkaline carbonates
- Ionization Potential
- First: 8.151
- Second: 16.345
- Third: 33.492
- Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 144
Physical Properties of Silicon
Number Of Valence Electrons In Silicon Atom
- Atomic Mass Average: 28.0855
- Boiling Point: 2628K 2355°C 4271°F
- Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 4.2E-6
- Conductivity
- Electrical: 2.52E-12 106/cm Ω
Thermal: 1.48 W/cmk
- Electrical: 2.52E-12 106/cm Ω
- Density: 2.33g/cc @ 300K
- Description:
- Hard dark gray non-metal.
- Elastic Modulus:
- Bulk: 100/GPa
- Youngs: 47/GPa
- Enthalpy of Atomization: 439.3 kJ/mole @ 25°C
- Enthalpy of Fusion: 46.44 kJ/mole
- Enthalpy of Vaporization: 439 kJ/mole
- Flammablity Class: Combustible Solid in powder form
- Freezing Point:see melting point
- Hardness Scale
- Mohs: 6.5
- Heat of Vaporization: 384.22kJ/mol
- Melting Point: 1683K 1410°C 2570°F
- Molar Volume: 12.05 cm3/mole
- Optical Reflectivity: 28%
- Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
- Specific Heat: 0.71J/gK
- Vapor Pressure = 4.77@1410°C
Regulatory / Health
Number Of Valence Electrons In A Silicon Atom
- CAS Number
- 7440-21-3 amorphous powder
- UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
- 1346 / 170 amorphous powder
- RTECS: VW0400000
- OSHAPermissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
- TWA: 15 mg/m3 total particulate
- 5 mg/m3 respirable particulate
- TWA: 15 mg/m3 total particulate
- OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
- TWA: 10 mg/m3 total particulate
- 5 mg/m3 respirable particulate
- TWA: 10 mg/m3 total particulate
- NIOSHRecommended Exposure Limit (REL)
- TWA: 10 mg/m3 total particulate
- 5 mg/m3 respirable particulate
- TWA: 10 mg/m3 total particulate
- Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
- Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
- Levels In Humans:
Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.- Blood/mg dm-3: 3.9
- Bone/p.p.m: 17
- Liver/p.p.m: 12-120
- Muscle/p.p.m: 100-200
- Daily Dietary Intake: 18-1200 mg
- Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 1 g
Who / Where / When / How
- Discoverer: Jöns J. Berzelius
- Discovery Location: Stockholm Sweden
- Discovery Year: 1824
- Name Origin:
- Latin: silex (flint).
- Abundance of Silicon:
- Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 277100
- Seawater/p.p.m.:
- Atlantic Suface: 0.03
- Atlantic Deep: 0.82
- Pacific Surface: 0.03
- Pacific Deep: 4.09
- Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
- Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 4.47E+07
- Sources of Silicon:
- Silicon is the second most abundant element and comprises 25% of the earth's crust. Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand. Approximate annual world production wide production: electronics grade pure silicon, 5000 tons; metallurgical grade, 480,000 tons; ferrosilicon, 3,400,000. Primary mining areas are Austria, Italy, India, South Africa, Australia, Canada, USA, Brazil.
- Uses of Silicon:
- Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). It is used as a semiconductor to make microchips for electronics (like your computer). Silicon is also used in solar cells, tools, cement, grease and oils.
- Additional Notes:
- Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the hardest substances known.
Silicon Menu
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References
A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.
Related Resources
- Anatomy of the Atom
Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms. - Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality. - Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations. - Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Silicon - Si. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2021. Accessed on-line: 4/25/2021
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